PREPOSITIONS;
Aprenda de forma objetiva e prática como usar essas preposições básicas
BY
1 – Agent of the passive voice:
This book was written by a very famous author.
At one time in history, England was invaded by the Vikings.
NOTE: With is used for the instrument with which the action is done:
She was murdered with a knife.
She was murdered by the bandit.
2 – At the side of, near:
She wished he had sat by her side.
The teacher is standing by the door.
3 – Via, by the way of
Would you rather go by bus or by car?
The expedition reached India by South Africa.
4 – “Pass” without stopping:
He walked by us without saying “hello”.
Many cars speeded by, but nobody stopped to help.
5 – By means of:
That car is powered by electricity.
You know where to reach me; you can always contact me by WhatsApp.
I passed the course by the skin of my teeth.
6 – During:
The men travel by night and rest by day.
They travel during the night and rest during the day.
7 – At or before a time:
Please hand in this assignment by Friday.
The plane should be landing by 10 o’clock.
UNTIL (TILL)
1 – Up to the time of:
I worked until midnight yesterday.
I plan to be away until September.
2 – Before:
Until that unfortunate incident, we had always been the best of friends.
They were both very nice people until they got married.
1 – Throughout:
He worked very hard during the night.
All we did was argue during the meeting.
2 – At some particular time in:
They study English during lunch hour.
He stayed in Petropolis for two weeks during his last vacation.
1 – Marks the beginning of a period started in the past which extends to the present:
They have been studying English since August.
He has been absent since last month.
2 – After:
I have been in touch with her frequently since she returned from Europe.
I haven’t seen him since he moved to the States.
1 – Marks the period started in the past which extends to the present:
They have been living together for 2 years.
He has been in Brazil for 3 weeks.
2 – Favor:
Can you go to the mall for me?
Your arm is broken. Let me write the E-mail for you.
3 - Substitutes the verb “to have”
I’m late for class (to have t class)
He was on time for the plane (“to have” the plane)
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